miércoles, 6 de febrero de 2008


CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE LAS AMÉRICAS A.C.

“APRENDER PARA EMPRENDER”

SPELLING BEE 2008


Note: Many words have more than one meaning; in such a case, the first or most common is given.

A

1. abominable adj

extremely repugnant or offensive

2. accost v

to approach and stop somebody in order to speak, especially in an aggressive manner

3. actuary n

a statistician who calculates insurance premiums, risks, dividends, and annuity rates

4. anaerobic adj

lacking oxygen: having or providing no oxygen

5. adjacent adj

next to

6. anosmia n

absence or loss of the sense of smell

7. amoxicillin n

broad-spectrum synthetic penicillin: a synthetic penicillin

8. arboreous adj

with many trees: covered with trees

9. archaeobotany n

the scientific study of excavated plant remains from ancient times

10. ambiguity n

the state of being indefinite or vague

11. arcuate adj

curved: in the shape of an arc or a bow

12. armiger n

somebody entitled to have a coat of arms

13. ascending adj

moving upward, especially on a scale

14. aspersion n

the making of defamatory remarks

15. asphalt n

paving material composed mainly of petroleum and gravel or crushed rock

16. auctioneer n

somebody who is in charge of and announces the bids at an auction

17. assail v

to attack somebody vigorously with words or actions

18. assay n

an examination and analysis of something

19. aureole. n

halo: a painted or carved representation of a circle of light around the head of a divine being or a saint

20. axiom n

a statement or idea that people accept as self-evidently true

B

21. balk v

to stop suddenly and refuse to go on, especially when faced with an obstacle

22. ballistics n

the study of the movements and forces involved in the propulsion of objects through the air

23. bamboozle v

to trick or deceive somebody through misleading statements or falsehoods

24. banausic adj

uncreative: with no art, creativity, or imagination

25. bedew v

make something wet: to wet or cover something with dew or drops of liquid

26. bedim v

to make the eyes or mind less able to perceive things clearly

27. biathlon n

a competition that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting

28. bibliomania n

an extreme fondness for books, or an obsessive urge to collect them

29. bicentennial n

an anniversary on which something is 200 years old

30. blissful adj

perfectly happy: characterized by perfect happiness

31. bloated adj

swollen with liquid, air, or gas

32. blunder n

serious or embarrassing mistake, usually the result of carelessness

33. bonesetter n

somebody who sets broken or dislocated bones

34. baritone n

a man’s singing voice with a range lower than a tenor and higher than a bass, or a singer with this voice

35.boogie-woogie n

jazz piano style derived from the blues.

36. bounteous adj

generous: giving generously

37. bowdlerize v

to remove parts of a work of literature that are considered indecent

38. bowlegged adj

having legs that curve outward around or below the knee area

39. bowknot n

a decorative knot in the form of a bow

40. bystander n

somebody who observes an activity but is not involved in it

C

41. cacophony n

an unpleasant combination of loud, often jarring, sounds

42. cadge v

to scrounge or beg something from somebody

43. calamitous adj

extremely unfortunate: causing great trouble, tragedy, or disaster

44. cellophane n

a thin, transparent waterproof material made from wood pulp and used for wrapping and covering

45.censorious adj

expressing strong disapproval or harsh criticism

46.cephalometer n

instrument used to measure the size of the human head

47.cinematheque n

a small movie theater, especially one showing artistic or classic films

48. circularize v

to publicize something by distributing leaflets or notices widely

49. circumscribe v

to limit the power of something or somebody to act independently

50. cleavable adj

splitable: able to be split or divided

51. colloquial adj

used in everyday conversation; not formal

52. climacteric n

a period in which critically important changes take place

53. crescendo n

a gradual increase in loudness

54. coadjutor n

assistant: a helper for somebody

55. coburg n

a thin fabric made of wool and cotton or silk, twilled on one surface, and used as a dress fabric or lining cloth

56. crabmeat n

the flesh of a crab when used as food

57. crematorium n

a building or furnace where bodies are incinerated

58. coerce v

to force somebody to do something that he or she does not want to do

59. coessential adj

with the same essence or nature

60. cuisine n

a specified style of cooking

D

61. darksome adj

without light and gloomy or unpleasant

62. dartboard n

a round target used in darts

63. dashboard n

a panel in front of the driver of a vehicle or the pilot of a small aircraft or boat

64. deadfall n

simple trap consisting of a heavy weight that falls on and crushes

65. delegitimize v

to take away the legitimacy or legal status of somebody or something

66. demean v

humiliate and degrade: to reduce somebody to a much lower status in a humiliating way

67. diagnose v

to identify an illness or disorder in a patient through an interview and physical examination

68. diamantine adj

looking like diamonds: resembling diamonds

69. diffuse v

to spread something throughout something else, or to become spread throughout something else

70. digitate adj

having fingers or toes, or having parts that are like fingers or toes

71. dilatant adj

able or likely to expand

72. dilute v

to make something thinner or weaker by adding water or another liquid

73. dobsonfly n

very large winged North American insect that has long slender mouthparts in the male

74. doctorate n

the highest level of university degree

75. dogmatize v

to express strongly held opinions in a way that suggests they should be accepted without question

76. dudette n

(slang) a young woman or girl who is very popular or admired by her peers

77. dulcify v

to make something agreeable, especially to the senses

78. dumbbell n

somebody regarded as lacking in intelligence and common sense

79. dumpling n

a small dough ball cooked and served with a stew or soup

80. dungheap n

a pile of solid animal excrement

E

81. earbash v

to talk non-stop

82. earlobe n

the soft fleshy lower part of the outer ear

83. edging n

something used as a border or trim, usually for decoration or protection

84. educable adj

capable of being educated

85. eelgrass n

marine plant resembling grass

86. effectuate v

to do, cause, or accomplish something

87. eggbeater n

a kitchen utensil used for beating or blending such ingredients as raw eggs or cream

88. egomania n

obsessive self-preoccupation

89. elasticity n

ability to return to shape

90. electioneer v

to take an active part in an election campaign

91. embank v

to surround or line a road, canal, or other area with an embankment

92. enamel n

a glassy decorative or protective coating, usually colored and opaque

93. encamp v

stay in camp

94. epidemic n

fast-spreading disease

95. eradicate v

get rid of something completely

96. eremite n

somebody who lives in solitude

97. escalade v

climb walls with ladders

98. esplanade n

open walkway

99. evacuee n

somebody moved to safety

100.evenhanded adj

fair and impartial

F

101. fabulist n

fable writer

102. facedown n

confrontation

103. facsimile n

copy of something

104. factotum n

somebody who does many jobs

105. fiery adj

glowing hot

106. firebomb n

bomb starting a fire

107. flexography n

printing technique resembling letterpress

108. flexure n

a bending or being flexed

109. focalize v

to focus something or bring something into focus

110. folkie n

folk singer

111. follower n

somebody led by another

112. fomites n

objects carrying infection

113. fontanel n

soft spot on baby’s head

114. foodie n

somebody who enjoys good food

115. frostbound adj

confined by frost

116. frou-frou n

unnecessary ornamentation especially of clothing

117.frumentaceous adj

made from wheat

118. frumpish adj

unattractive, drab, or dowdy

119. fuelwood n

wood that is used as fuel

120. fugacious n

fleeting or passing away quickly

G

121. gadgeteer n

someone who enjoys inventing and using gadgets

122. gadolinium n

a silvery white metallic element

123. galligaskins n

loose-fitting stockings that were worn by men 400 years ago

124. gaiety n

joyfulness

125. geanticline n

a raised area of the earth’s crust

126. guillotine n

a machine for beheading persons

127. gelatinous adj

having a semisolid form resembling gelatin

128. gentlemanliness n

the quality of being a polite and cultured man

129. ghaut n

a small valley that has water in it that runs to the sea

130. ghillies n

light shoes with long laces

131. ghoulishly adv

terrifyingly hideously, cruelly or morbidly

132. gigantesque adj

giant-sized

133. girandole n

a wall mounted candleholder

134. glabella n

part of the human forehead

135. glabrescent adj

becoming hairless over time

136. glaciology n

the study of glaciers

137. gnathion n

the lowest point on one's jaw

138. gombroon n

white Iranian pottery

139. guaiacum n

a tropical American tree

140. gymkhana n

a sporting event or contest

H

141. habitable adj

considered fit to be lived in

142. habitual adj

done or acquired by habit

143. hacksaw n

a saw for cutting metal

144. headshrinker n

(informal insult) psychiatrist

145. hectoliter n

a unit of capacity

146. hedgerow n

a row of hedges or bushes or small trees

147. heehaw n

the natural sound made by a donkey

148. heinous adj

utterly evil

149. heliculture n

snail farming

150. heliometer n

a telescope for measuring angular distance

151. hieroglyph n

a picture writing symbol

152. hierocracy n

a government by clergy

153. highlighter n

a marking pen to make text stand out

154. hustle v

jostle or shove

155. hodgepodge n

a jumble, a mixture of several unrelated things

156. hollowly adv

In a hollow way

157. holohedral adj

absolutely symmetrical

158. hullaballoo n

a noisy excitement or fuss

159. humidification n

the process of making something moist

160. hyaloid adj

clear and glassy in appearance

I

161. icebound adj

unable to move because of being covered by ice

162. impetuous adj

marked by impulsive vehemence

163. ichnology n

the study of fossil footprints

164. ichthyology n

a branch of zoology that deals with the study of fish

165. ickiness n

the state of being sticky

166. ideation n

the formation of the idea of something

167. idiopathic adj

describes a disease or disorder that has no known cause

168. idyllic adj

serenely beautiful and happy

169. ignoble adj

of low birth or not honorable

170. ignominious adj

shameful, a total loss of dignity

171. illegitimate adj

against laws or rules; born out of wedlock

172. imbroglio n

a complicated situation

173. immaculate adj

absolutely clean and neat

174. immeasurable adj

too large or too big to be measured

175. irascible adj

quick-tempered, easily provoked

176. isochronous adj

with equal frequency

177. isogenous adj

with the same origin

178. itchiness n

the feeling of wanting to scratch an area

179. itinerary n

a list of places to visit

180. ivied adj

covered with ivy

J

181. jackanapes n

somebody who behaves in an impudent and self-centered way

182. jaguarondi n

a small wild cat

183. jargonization n

the process of turning ordinary language into jargon

184. jejune adj

boring

185. juggernaut n

a Hindu god; lord of the world

186. jitterbug n

a fast energetic jazz dance

187. jobholder n

someone with a regular job

188. jocose adj

Found of joking

189. jocund adj

cheerful and full of good humor

190. joggle n

a gentle shaking or moving action

191. jointworm n

larva that attacks grain crops

192. jubilation n

rejoicing and celebration

193. judgeship n

the condition of being a judge

194. juicehead n

(slang) a heavy drinker or an alcoholic

195. jumboize v

to increase or enlarge a ship

196. juridical adj

related to judges and the law

197. justificative adj

serving or acting to justify something

198. jutting adj

sticking out in some way

199. juvenescent adj

youthful, or young looking

200. juxtapose v

to put side by side or close to each other

K

201. karaoke n

singing to prerecorded music

202. kazoo n

a toy instrument that makes a buzzing sound

203. kedge v

move a vessel

204. keelage n

a docking fee, a charge to use a port for boats

205. keepnet n

a net placed in water, used to keep caught fish alive

206. kenspeckle adj

(Scottish) well known or easily recognized

207. kickabout n

(British) an informal soccer game

208. kickup n

a commotion, a noisy protest

209. kindred adj

similar to someone or something, related by blood

210. kleptomania n

an obsessive desire to steal things

211. knack n

a clever way of doing something

212. knar n

a knot in wood

213. knead v

to work dough until it is smooth and soft

214. kohl n

eye makeup in Asia

215. kolinsky n

a weasel, a small animal

216. komondor n

a large white sheepdog

217. krimmer n

fur from lambs' wool

218. kuchen n

(German) a cake that has been raised with yeast

219. kyack n

a double packsack, one on each side of a saddle

220. kyphosis n

curving of the spine

L

221. lassitude n

tiredness or lack of energy

222. laudable adj

deserving of praise

223. labialize v

to pronounce with rounded lips

224. leaderboard n

a board showing leading golfer’s scores

225. leafcutter ant n

a tropical ant

226. leaflet n

a sheet of folded printed paper with advertising on it

227. leakage n

escape or entrance of a liquid

228. liaise v

to cooperate closely with somebody

229. liberalize v

to reform and become less strict

230. lickspittle n

(British) someone who shows deference to superior people

231. lieutenant n

an army officer

232. liftoff n

the moment when a rocket leaves the ground into the air

233. loach n

a freshwater fish

234. loafer n

a lazy person

235. localism n

a local idiom or tradition

236. lubber n

lout

237. lucent adj

luminous, shining with a glowing light

238. lyase n

an enzyme

239. lyre n

string instrument

240. lyric adj

expressing personal feelings

M

241. macchiato n

espresso with steamed milk

242. macerate v

soften by soaking

243. machinist n

somebody who machines something

244. malaria n

recurring illness transmitted by mosquitoes

245. malcontent n

discontented person

246. maldistribution n

unequal distribution

247. meadowland n

area of meadow

248. microanalysis n

analysis of a tiny sample

249. midcontinent adj

in the middle of continent

250. midfielder n

soccer player active in midfield

251. midrange n

middle of series

252. miking n

arrangement of microphones

253. milepost n

post showing distance to place

254. milestone n

stone showing distance to place

255. molasses n

syrup from sugar refining

256. moloch n

lizard with large spiny scales

257. momentous adj

extremely important or crucial

258. mucklucks n

large waterproof boots made of animal skin

259. muleteer n

mule driver

260. mulishly adv

stubbornly

N

261. naphtha n

a product of distillation, obtained from petroleum

262. narrowcast v

to aim a radio or TV commercial at a specialized audience

263. nasalize v

to make a sound nasal

264. nauseous adj

feeling sick in the stomach

265. neocolonialism n

economic domination by a powerful nation

266. neuralgia n

nerve pain

267. nickelodeon n

an early version of a coin-operated jukebox

268. nightingale n

a night-singing songbird

269. nincompoop n

a offensive word to insult someone’s intelligence

270. nitty-gritty n

the basic and most important details or parts

271. nitroglycerin n

an explosive liquid

272. noggin n

one-quarter of a pint of liquor; or the human head

273. non-fluctuating adj

does not change in degree or level

274. nonoccurrence n

something that didn’t happen, a non-event

275. notarize v

to certify legally

276. nuisance n

somebody or something irritating

277. numismatics n

the study or collection of coins

278. nuthatch n

a small bird that climbs trees

279. nymph n

mythology: a spirit of nature

280. nyctophobia n

the fear of the dark

O

281. obituary n

an announcement of death, usually in a newspaper

282. oblivious adj

unaware

283. obtrude v

to impose something onto others, such as your opinion or yourself

284. octet n

a group of eight, usually musicians

285. ointment n

a greasy substance used on the skin as medicine

286. omnipotent adj

all-powerful

287. operational adj

in proper working order and able to be used

288. opportunism n

the practice of taking advantage of situations

289. orangutan n

a large reddish-brown ape

290. orphanage n

a home for children without parents

291. orthography n

the relationship between sounds and letters, correct spelling

292. outmatch v

to prove stronger and better than someone else

293. overabundance n

an amount greater than what is needed or appropriate

294. overestimate v

calculate something too highly

295. overlap v

to place or be over something else

296. overqualified adj

too highly qualified for a specific job

297. overseas adj

across or beyond the sea or ocean

298. oxidation n

the addition of oxygen in a chemical reaction

299. oxygenate v

to combine with oxygen

300. ozone n

a form of oxygen

P

301. pacifism n

the belief in peaceful resolution of conflicts

302. pageantry n

a magnificent ceremonial display

303. pagination n

page numbers

304. pallbearer n

someone who carriers a casket

305. palpitate v

to beat irregularly

306. pebble n

a small round stone

307. pedology n

the scientific study of children

308. pedestrian n

someone walking, especially in an area where there are cars

309. petulant adj

sulky, crabby, grumpy

310. phenomenon n

a fact or occurrence that can be observed

311. philosophize v

to discuss the nature of reality

312. pigeonhole n

a small place to put messages with small compartments

313. pigmentation n

the natural color of plants and animals

314. pinstripe n

one of many narrow lines in cloth or fabric

315. pistachio n

a hard shelled nut or a tree that produces them

316. plaque n

an inscribed metal or stone that has words on its surface

317. plebeian n

an ordinary citizen of ancient Rome

318. plurality n

the condition of being plural

319. polysyllabic adj

having several syllables

320. predominant adj

the most common, the most important

Q

321. quadrant n

geometry: quarter of the circumference of a circle

322. quadrennial adj

happening every four years

323. quarterfinal n

match before the semifinal

324. queasy adj

feeling ill in the stomach, nauseated

325. quartz n

a crystalline mineral

326. quaver v

to tremble slightly

327. quell v

to bring something to an end, put a stop to

328. querulous adj

tending to complain

329. questionnaire n

a list of questions usually for a survey

330. quiche n

a pie with vegetables, eggs and cream

331. quiescent adj

inactive or at rest

332. quietude n

calmness or tranquillity

333. quinella n

a bet on the first two finishers

334. quintessence n

the purest or most perfect example of something

335. quirky adj

something strange or odd

336. quittance n

release from debt or obligation, exemption

337. quizzical adj

questioning

338. quondam adj

former, of an earlier time

339. quorum n

a minimum number of participants needed for a formal meeting

340. quotient n

math: a result of division

R

341. rabble-rouser n

one who tries to arouse people to violent action

342. rabies n

an infectious disease

343. raglan n

a loose coat with sleeves that continue in one piece to collar

344. randomize v

to arrange or select items so that no specific pattern or order determines the resulting arrangement

345. ravishing adj

extremely delightful or beautiful

346. rebound v

to spring back, as upon impact

347. reckon v

to consider somebody or something to be something

348. recumbent adj

lying down, reclining

349. reimburse v

to pay back

350. rheumatism n

a painful condition of the joints and muscles

351. rhinoceros n

massive horned mammal

352. recalcitrant adj

stubbornly disobedient

353. ripsaw n

a saw with coarse teeth

354. rivulet n

little stream

355. robotics n

the science or technology relating to computer–controlled mechanical devices

356. romanticize v

to make something seem, or believe something to be, more glamorous or ideal than it really is

357. rotisserie n

a grill with an electrically turned spit

358. routinize v

to make routine

359. rupture n

a breaking apart of something

360. rusticate v

to become or make rustic

S

361. salacious adj

lustful, obscene

362. salutary adj

healthful, beneficial

363. sapphire n

precious stone of a clear, deep blue color

364. sarcophagus n

limestone coffins exposed to view as a tomb

365. scandalous adj

causing scandal

366. schizophrenia n

a mental disorder characterized by separation between thoughts

367. seismograph n

an instrument that records the intensity and duration of an earthquake

368.self-determination n

determination according to one’s own mind

369. sentimentalize v

be sentimental or treat in a sentimental way

370. sepulcher n

a vault for burial or tomb

371. servomechanism n

an automatic control system of low power

372. shantung n

a silk or silky fabric with an uneven surface

373. shenanigan n

trickery, mischief

374. soliloquy n

the act of speaking while alone

375. skirmish n

a brief fight between small groups

376. slaughter n

a brutal killing

377. snooze n

a brief sleep

378. spaghetti n

pasta in long thin strings

379. squeamish adj

easily nauseated

380. squiggle n

a short, wavy line

T

381. tabernacle n

a tent sanctuary used by the Israelites during the Exodus

382. taboo adj

socially or culturally proscribed: forbidden to be used

383. teakettle n

kettle used for boiling water for making tea

384. tearful adj

about to cry, or feeling like crying

385. tearjerker n

sentimental artistic work

386. technologize v

to modernize something by introducing technology

387. ticklish n

sensitive to being tickled

388. tiddling n

smallest piglet

389. tiebreaker n

method of deciding the winner in a tie

390. tightened v

became or made tighter

391. timeserver n

opportunist

392. thalassotherapy n

sea-water therapy

393. theatricalism n

relating to or typical of the theater or dramatic performance

394. toboggan n

long narrow runnerless sled

395. toiletry n

article used in grooming

396. tolerability n

capable of being tolerated

397. tubbiness n

state of being overweight

398. tumescence n

state of being swollen or showing signs of swelling

399. turbocharger n

supercharger using gas

400. turnbuckle n

tension-adjusting device

U

401. ubiquitous adj

existing everywhere

402. ufology n

study of UFOs

403. ukulele n

stringed instrument

404. ulotrichous adj

with tightly-curled hair

405. unaccountable adj

impossible to explain or give a reason for

406. unadulterated adj

not mixed or diluted with something else

407. upbraid v

to correct or criticize somebody in a harsh manner

408. upheaval n

violent agitation or change

409. upshift v

shift up gear

410. utterance n

something said or emitted as a vocal sound

V

411. vacancy n

the state of being without an occupant

412. vacuity n

emptiness

413. vagabond n

a homeless wanderer

414. vegetarian n

somebody not eating meat or fish

415. velodrome n

stadium for bicycle races

416. vibraphone n

percussion instrument with metal bars

417. villainy n

evil conduct

418. viperishly adv

maliciously or spitefuly

419. virtuous adj

with moral integrity

420. viscid adj

thick and sticky

W

421. wackiness n

the state of being entertainingly silly

422. wagonload n

the amount that a wagon does or can hold

423. wailfully adv

mournfully cried

424. wainwright n

wagon maker

425. waive v

to give something up voluntarily

426. wakeboard v

sport of jumping a boat’s wake

427. wean v

to free from a cause of dependence

428. weaponry n

the science of designing and making weapons

429. wacky adj

crazy or eccentric

430. whup v

(informal) defeat somebody

X

431. Xanadu n

beautiful place

432. xebec n

small three-masted ship

433. xenophile n

somebody who likes foreigners

434. xerography n

photocopying method

435. X chromosome n

a sex chromosome

436. xerothermic adj

hot and dry

437. xylophone n

a musical instrument

438. xylogenous adj

living on wood

439. xylograph n

wood engraving

440. xylophagous adj

wood-eating

Y

441. yabber v

talk very fast

442. yachtsman n

yacht owner or sailor

443. yammer v

talk loudly and at length

444. yearling n

one that is a year old

445. yellowbelly n

(informal insult) coward

446. Yom Kippur n

a Jewish holiday which is a day of atonement

447. yokozuna n

champion sumo wrestler

448. yuckiness n

unpleasantness

449. yummy adj

(informal) delicious

450. yuppification n

(disapproving) the population of a place with yuppies

Z

451. zapper n

remote control for TV

452. zealot n

zealous follower

453. zebrawood n

hardwood tree with striped wood

454. zucchini n

a summer squash

455. zizz n

a nap

456. zombie n

somebody unresponsive or unthinking

457. zonation n

division into zones

458. zoography n

science of describing animals

459. zygomorphic adj

with identical halves

460. zymometer n

instrument for measuring fermentation